
2010年代,編程成為就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上最炙手可熱的技能之一,熱潮迅速席卷全美,家長(zhǎng)們紛紛敦促孩子放棄英語(yǔ)專業(yè),轉(zhuǎn)而攻讀科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱STEM)學(xué)位。就連美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)貝拉克·奧巴馬也呼吁人們學(xué)習(xí)編程,他更是成為首位參與“編程一小時(shí)”(Hour of Code)活動(dòng)[這項(xiàng)線上活動(dòng)旨在推廣計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教育周(Computer Science Education Week)]的總統(tǒng),還親自編寫了一行代碼。
然而這一現(xiàn)象的另一面,是英語(yǔ)與文科專業(yè)遭到質(zhì)疑,有人戲稱這些專業(yè)是“咖啡師學(xué)位”,認(rèn)為攻讀這類專業(yè)的人職業(yè)發(fā)展空間有限,最終只能在咖啡店打工。
但人工智能的崛起,正在顛覆這些固有認(rèn)知。至少Palantir聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、億萬(wàn)富翁彼得·蒂爾是這么認(rèn)為的。在一段2024年錄制、近期重新走紅的采訪視頻中,蒂爾在與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家泰勒·考恩對(duì)話時(shí)表示,STEM領(lǐng)域從業(yè)者的就業(yè)紅利正在消退。
他說(shuō):“比起文字工作者,學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的人的處境要糟糕得多。”
故事講述者在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)炙手可熱
這位億萬(wàn)富翁的觀點(diǎn)反映了當(dāng)下勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的新趨勢(shì)。領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)2月早些時(shí)候發(fā)布的《2026年領(lǐng)英技能趨勢(shì):美國(guó)增長(zhǎng)最快的技能》(LinkedIn Skills on the Rise 2026: The Fastest-Growing Skills in the U.S.)報(bào)告顯示,溝通能力和創(chuàng)造性思維的需求正在持續(xù)攀升。該報(bào)告稱,溝通能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力及人員管理能力已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)最搶手的技能。
領(lǐng)英的一位發(fā)言人告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“企業(yè)越來(lái)越青睞溝通能力強(qiáng)的人才,因?yàn)槌錾膶懽髂芰Α⑶逦谋磉_(dá)能力和判斷力依然至關(guān)重要。”他們指出,如今“講故事”已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)尤為搶手的技能。“在過(guò)去一年里,領(lǐng)英上提及‘講故事者’的招聘啟事數(shù)量翻倍。”事實(shí)上,部分企業(yè)為招募故事講述者和高級(jí)公關(guān)專家開(kāi)出的年薪甚至超過(guò)100萬(wàn)美元。例如,Anthropic公司正在招聘一名公關(guān)主管,起薪為40萬(wàn)美元;而Netflix為高級(jí)公關(guān)總監(jiān)開(kāi)出的薪酬范圍在65.6萬(wàn)美元至120萬(wàn)美元之間。
當(dāng)然,這份報(bào)告并不意味著你可以直接撕掉STEM學(xué)位證書。領(lǐng)英還發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)下市場(chǎng)同樣有不少熱門技術(shù)技能,包括人工智能提示工程和數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)注。不過(guò),這些技能與STEM學(xué)位的核心內(nèi)容有所不同,因?yàn)樗鼈儌?cè)重于訓(xùn)練人工智能,而非構(gòu)建人工智能。盡管部分人工智能提示工程師的崗位要求應(yīng)聘者具備編程語(yǔ)言知識(shí)(包括Python和JavaScript)以及大型語(yǔ)言模型相關(guān)背景,但這些招聘啟事也強(qiáng)調(diào),應(yīng)聘者需要具備出色的語(yǔ)言能力和創(chuàng)造力,以優(yōu)化人工智能的輸出結(jié)果。據(jù)求職平臺(tái)Glassdoor的數(shù)據(jù),該崗位的平均年薪為12.8萬(wàn)美元。
隨著人工智能技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,許多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和人工智能專家預(yù)測(cè),人工智能將徹底重塑就業(yè)市場(chǎng),同時(shí)也將顛覆職場(chǎng)中最被看重的能力。在此背景下,數(shù)學(xué)及其他STEM領(lǐng)域的部分技能可能面臨淘汰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Anthropic公司Claude Code的開(kāi)發(fā)者鮑里斯·切爾尼坦言,自去年11月以來(lái),他未曾編寫過(guò)一行代碼(盡管仍然會(huì)檢查人工智能編寫的代碼)。與此同時(shí),人工智能正在持續(xù)侵入原本由STEM專業(yè)人士主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域,包括基礎(chǔ)編程與數(shù)據(jù)分析。
勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的動(dòng)蕩
紐約聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(New York Federal Reserve)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近年來(lái)應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生面臨的就業(yè)形勢(shì)尤為嚴(yán)峻——2022年,應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)超過(guò)勞動(dòng)者整體失業(yè)率,到2025年,這一比例已經(jīng)攀升至5.6%——部分STEM相關(guān)專業(yè)的失業(yè)率尤為突出。計(jì)算機(jī)工程專業(yè)是失業(yè)率第二高的專業(yè),失業(yè)率達(dá)到7.8%,僅次于人類學(xué)專業(yè)。
但部分STEM專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率仍然低于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生3.1%的整體平均水平,比如航空航天工程專業(yè)和工程技術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率分別為2.2%和1.7%。
然而在2024年的訪談中,蒂爾指出,即使在當(dāng)前尚未被人工智能自動(dòng)化沖擊的STEM領(lǐng)域,隨著人工智能的發(fā)展,將數(shù)學(xué)技能作為準(zhǔn)入門檻的做法也將逐漸過(guò)時(shí)。
“若想進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)院,我們通過(guò)物理和微積分篩選人才。”他說(shuō),“作為神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生,我可不希望給我做腦部手術(shù)的人在手術(shù)時(shí)還在腦子里分解質(zhì)因數(shù)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
2010年代,編程成為就業(yè)市場(chǎng)上最炙手可熱的技能之一,熱潮迅速席卷全美,家長(zhǎng)們紛紛敦促孩子放棄英語(yǔ)專業(yè),轉(zhuǎn)而攻讀科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱STEM)學(xué)位。就連美國(guó)前總統(tǒng)貝拉克·奧巴馬也呼吁人們學(xué)習(xí)編程,他更是成為首位參與“編程一小時(shí)”(Hour of Code)活動(dòng)[這項(xiàng)線上活動(dòng)旨在推廣計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教育周(Computer Science Education Week)]的總統(tǒng),還親自編寫了一行代碼。
然而這一現(xiàn)象的另一面,是英語(yǔ)與文科專業(yè)遭到質(zhì)疑,有人戲稱這些專業(yè)是“咖啡師學(xué)位”,認(rèn)為攻讀這類專業(yè)的人職業(yè)發(fā)展空間有限,最終只能在咖啡店打工。
但人工智能的崛起,正在顛覆這些固有認(rèn)知。至少Palantir聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、億萬(wàn)富翁彼得·蒂爾是這么認(rèn)為的。在一段2024年錄制、近期重新走紅的采訪視頻中,蒂爾在與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家泰勒·考恩對(duì)話時(shí)表示,STEM領(lǐng)域從業(yè)者的就業(yè)紅利正在消退。
他說(shuō):“比起文字工作者,學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的人的處境要糟糕得多。”
故事講述者在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)炙手可熱
這位億萬(wàn)富翁的觀點(diǎn)反映了當(dāng)下勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的新趨勢(shì)。領(lǐng)英(LinkedIn)2月早些時(shí)候發(fā)布的《2026年領(lǐng)英技能趨勢(shì):美國(guó)增長(zhǎng)最快的技能》(LinkedIn Skills on the Rise 2026: The Fastest-Growing Skills in the U.S.)報(bào)告顯示,溝通能力和創(chuàng)造性思維的需求正在持續(xù)攀升。該報(bào)告稱,溝通能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力及人員管理能力已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)最搶手的技能。
領(lǐng)英的一位發(fā)言人告訴《財(cái)富》雜志:“企業(yè)越來(lái)越青睞溝通能力強(qiáng)的人才,因?yàn)槌錾膶懽髂芰Α⑶逦谋磉_(dá)能力和判斷力依然至關(guān)重要。”他們指出,如今“講故事”已經(jīng)成為一項(xiàng)尤為搶手的技能。“在過(guò)去一年里,領(lǐng)英上提及‘講故事者’的招聘啟事數(shù)量翻倍。”事實(shí)上,部分企業(yè)為招募故事講述者和高級(jí)公關(guān)專家開(kāi)出的年薪甚至超過(guò)100萬(wàn)美元。例如,Anthropic公司正在招聘一名公關(guān)主管,起薪為40萬(wàn)美元;而Netflix為高級(jí)公關(guān)總監(jiān)開(kāi)出的薪酬范圍在65.6萬(wàn)美元至120萬(wàn)美元之間。
當(dāng)然,這份報(bào)告并不意味著你可以直接撕掉STEM學(xué)位證書。領(lǐng)英還發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)下市場(chǎng)同樣有不少熱門技術(shù)技能,包括人工智能提示工程和數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)注。不過(guò),這些技能與STEM學(xué)位的核心內(nèi)容有所不同,因?yàn)樗鼈儌?cè)重于訓(xùn)練人工智能,而非構(gòu)建人工智能。盡管部分人工智能提示工程師的崗位要求應(yīng)聘者具備編程語(yǔ)言知識(shí)(包括Python和JavaScript)以及大型語(yǔ)言模型相關(guān)背景,但這些招聘啟事也強(qiáng)調(diào),應(yīng)聘者需要具備出色的語(yǔ)言能力和創(chuàng)造力,以優(yōu)化人工智能的輸出結(jié)果。據(jù)求職平臺(tái)Glassdoor的數(shù)據(jù),該崗位的平均年薪為12.8萬(wàn)美元。
隨著人工智能技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,許多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和人工智能專家預(yù)測(cè),人工智能將徹底重塑就業(yè)市場(chǎng),同時(shí)也將顛覆職場(chǎng)中最被看重的能力。在此背景下,數(shù)學(xué)及其他STEM領(lǐng)域的部分技能可能面臨淘汰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Anthropic公司Claude Code的開(kāi)發(fā)者鮑里斯·切爾尼坦言,自去年11月以來(lái),他未曾編寫過(guò)一行代碼(盡管仍然會(huì)檢查人工智能編寫的代碼)。與此同時(shí),人工智能正在持續(xù)侵入原本由STEM專業(yè)人士主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域,包括基礎(chǔ)編程與數(shù)據(jù)分析。
勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的動(dòng)蕩
紐約聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行(New York Federal Reserve)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近年來(lái)應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生面臨的就業(yè)形勢(shì)尤為嚴(yán)峻——2022年,應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)超過(guò)勞動(dòng)者整體失業(yè)率,到2025年,這一比例已經(jīng)攀升至5.6%——部分STEM相關(guān)專業(yè)的失業(yè)率尤為突出。計(jì)算機(jī)工程專業(yè)是失業(yè)率第二高的專業(yè),失業(yè)率達(dá)到7.8%,僅次于人類學(xué)專業(yè)。
但部分STEM專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率仍然低于大學(xué)畢業(yè)生3.1%的整體平均水平,比如航空航天工程專業(yè)和工程技術(shù)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率分別為2.2%和1.7%。
然而在2024年的訪談中,蒂爾指出,即使在當(dāng)前尚未被人工智能自動(dòng)化沖擊的STEM領(lǐng)域,隨著人工智能的發(fā)展,將數(shù)學(xué)技能作為準(zhǔn)入門檻的做法也將逐漸過(guò)時(shí)。
“若想進(jìn)入醫(yī)學(xué)院,我們通過(guò)物理和微積分篩選人才。”他說(shuō),“作為神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生,我可不希望給我做腦部手術(shù)的人在手術(shù)時(shí)還在腦子里分解質(zhì)因數(shù)。”(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:中慧言-王芳
During the 2010s, coding took the spotlight as one of the most desired skills in the job market. The coding craze spread quickly, with parents badgering their kids to drop the English major and opt for a STEM degree. Even former President Barack Obama urged people to learn to code; Obama also became the first president to write a line of code as part of the “Hour of Code”—an online event to promote Computer Science Education Week.
On the flip side of this phenomenon, English and liberal arts majors became subjects of scrutiny, some dubbing them “barista” degrees in the belief that pursuing those majors would inevitably confine one to a job at a coffee shop, assuming such degrees have limited career prospects.
But the insurgence of AI is actually upending those assumptions. That’s at least what Palantir cofounder and billionaire Peter Thiel thinks. In a resurfaced clip from a 2024 interview with economist Tyler Cowen, Thiel said the odds are falling out of favor for STEM folks.
“It seems much worse for the math people than the word people,” he said.
Storytellers are hot on the job market
The billionaire’s comments reflect an emerging trend in today’s labor market. LinkedIn released a skills study earlier this month titled “LinkedIn Skills on the Rise 2026: The Fastest-Growing Skills in the U.S.” that shows rising demand for communications and creative thinking skills. Communication, along with leadership and people management, are some of the most sought-after skills in today’s labor market, according to the report.
“Companies are increasingly looking for great communicators, because strong writing, clarity, and judgment still matter,” a LinkedIn spokesperson told Fortune. They noted “storytelling” has become an especially desirable skill today. “On LinkedIn, we’ve seen job postings mentioning ‘storytellers’ double over the last year.” In fact, some companies are shelling out more than $1 million for storytellers and high-level communications professionals. Anthropic, for example, is hiring for a head of communications with a $400,000 starting salary, and Netflix is offering between $656,000 and $1.2 million for a senior director of communications.
To be sure, the report does not necessarily serve as confirmation to shred your STEM diploma. LinkedIn also found several technical skills are hot on the market, including AI prompt engineering and data annotation. These skills, though, diverge from the bread and butter of STEM degrees as they’re oriented around training AI rather than building it. While some AI prompt engineer job openings call for knowledge of programming languages—including Python and JavaScript, as well as a background in large language models—the postings also emphasize strong linguistic and creative skills to optimize AI outputs, and pay an average salary of $128,000, according to job platform Glassdoor.
As AI development advances, many leaders and AI experts predict AI will dramatically reshape the job market, and with it, the most-valued skills. With that development, some math and other STEM skills risk becoming obsolete.
Boris Cherny, creator of Anthropic’s Claude Code, admitted he hasn’t written a single line of code since November (although he still checks the code he has AI write). Meanwhile, AI is increasingly expanding into fields occupied by STEM experts, including basic programming and data analysis.
Rumblings in the labor market
While the labor market has proved particularly dire for all recent college graduates—surpassing the unemployment rate for all workers in 2022 and hitting 5.6% in 2025—some STEM-oriented careers have an especially high unemployment rate, according to recently published data from the New York Federal Reserve. Computer engineering ranks as the major with the second-highest unemployment rate, at 7.8%, after anthropology.
But some STEM graduate unemployment rates hover below the average for all college graduates of 3.1%, including for aerospace engineering and engineering technologies majors, at 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively.
Still, during the 2024 interview, Thiel argued that even in STEM fields currently untouched by AI automation, using math skills as a bar to entry will fall out of fashion thanks to AI.
“If you want to go to medical school, we weed people out through physics and calculus,” he said. “As a neurosurgeon, I don’t really want someone operating on my brain to be doing prime number factorizations in their head while they’re operating on my brain.”