油價大跌：中國成全球最大贏家

????過去幾個月，國際油價驟然大跌，較之六月的最高值，跌幅近40％。

????近年來一直利潤豐厚的能源生產商，如今處境不妙。上周，歐佩克（石油輸出國組織，OPEC）決定不減產，令能源生產商改善處境的希望灰飛煙滅。

????歐佩克不減產的消息一出，市場大為緊張，布倫特原油（Brent crude）的價格應聲大跌。自那以來，布倫特原油的價格已小幅反彈至每桶約71.58美元，但仍遠低于今年早些時候每桶約107美元的高位。意料之中的是，油價大跌有人獲益有人遭殃。

????下面，我們就來看看，誰將從油價暴跌中獲益良多，而誰將損失慘重。

????贏家：中國

????中國是世界第一大石油進口國，約60％的石油需求依靠進口。因此，油價下跌會降低中國經濟的總體負擔，使工廠生產及最終產品的成本下降。據中國能源經濟研究中心（China Center for Energy Economics Research）稱，如果油價持續下跌，到今年年底，中國將省下高達300億美元。這些錢可用于投資，幫助刺激正在放緩的中國經濟。中國今年的GDP增長率預計約為7.3％，而1992年的歷史高點為14.2％。

????除中國外，油價下跌還將對日本、印度、德國和法國等其它石油凈進口國的經濟提到提振作用。

????輸家：俄羅斯

????與之相反的是石油出口大國俄羅斯。石油銷售在俄羅斯出口中占有極大比重，因此，俄羅斯盧布的穩定性，與能源價格息息相關。盧布在本周一跌至歷史新低，貶值5％，盧布兌美元的匯率達到53.90：1。與今年年初相比，盧布幣值縮水了約40％。

????油價下跌不僅削弱了俄羅斯的消費力，也增加了俄羅斯平衡國家預算的難度。俄羅斯所做的政府稅收預算，是基于石油價格為每桶100美元，如今的油價將顯著改變俄羅斯的財政計劃。

????尼日利亞和委內瑞拉等其它石油凈出口國，境況與俄羅斯類似。

????贏家：捷藍航空

????捷藍航空（JetBlue）是最大的贏家之一，同時，低廉的油價對所有航空公司以及旅客而言，都是好事。

????Oil prices have plummeted over the past few months, dropping nearly 40% since their peak in June.

????Energy producers, which have enjoyed huge profits in recent years, are now feeling the pain. Their hopes for some relief were dashed last week when the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, decided against cutting production.

????The announcement rattled markets and sent the price of Brent crude tumbling. Since then, prices have rebounded slightly to around $71.58 a barrel. But that’s still far from the high of around $107 earlier this year. No surprisingly, there is a long list of winners and losers.

????Here’s a look at who’s making out big and who’s counting their losses.

????Winner: China

????China is the world's largest importer of oil, and relies on foreign oil supplies for about 60% of its domestic needs. Therefore, any drop in price reduces the overall burden on the economy, making factory production and final goods less expensive. China could save as much as $30 billion by the end of the year if prices keep falling, according to the China Center for Energy Economics Research. That money could be put toward investment to help spur the nation's slowing economy. Growth in China's gross domestic product is expected to be about 7.3% this year versus a record high of 14.2% in 1992.

????Other net oil importers, including Japan, India, Germany and France, will also welcome a similar economic lift from lower prices.

????Loser: Russia

????On the opposite end of the national spectrum is Russia: a big oil exporter. Oil sales account for a huge portion of the country's exports, and because of that, the stability Russian ruble is closely linked to energy prices. The ruble fell to a new record low Monday of 53.90 to the dollar, down 5%. The currency has lost about 40% of its value since the beginning of the year.

????Not only does cheap oil dampen Russia's spending power, it also makes it harder for the nation to balance its national budget. Russia's government tax revenue estimates are based on oil being at $100 a barrel--today's prices will significantly alter the country's fiscal planning.

????Other net oil exporters are in a similar position, as well, including Nigeria and Venezuela.

????Winner: JetBlue

????While JetBlue is one of the biggest winners, cheap oil is really a benefit for all airlines--and travelers.